The official U.S. state seal of Ohio.

Seal of Ohio

The official U.S. state seal of Ohio.

The official seal of the U.S. state of Alabama.

Seal of Alabama

The official seal of the U.S. state of Alabama.

An American businessman who created the Atlantic Telegraph Company.

Cyrus W. Field

An American businessman who created the Atlantic Telegraph Company.

The official seal of the U.S. state of Minnesota.

Seal of Minnesota

The official seal of the U.S. state of Minnesota.

The official U.S. state seal of West Virginia.

Seal of West Virginia

The official U.S. state seal of West Virginia.

The official state seal of Colorado.

Seal of Colorado

The official state seal of Colorado.

The ancient King of Akkad, reigning from 2270 BC to 2215 BC.

Seal of Sargon I

The ancient King of Akkad, reigning from 2270 BC to 2215 BC.

A bay that connects with the Saronic Gulf to the west.

The Bay of Salamis

A bay that connects with the Saronic Gulf to the west.

The official seal of Sir Thomas Lucy, a magistrate who persecuted recusant Catholic families. The seal consists of three white luces interlaced.

Seal of Sir Thomas Lucy

The official seal of Sir Thomas Lucy, a magistrate who persecuted recusant Catholic families. The seal…

"In the church of St. Mary, at Bury St. Edmunds, the ceiling of the eastern compartment of the south aisle, once the chantry of John Baret, is richly painted and diapered with beautifully drawn collars of SS, each collar enclosing the monogram of this zealous Lancastrian, I.B."—Aveling, 1891

Monogram of John Baret

"In the church of St. Mary, at Bury St. Edmunds, the ceiling of the eastern compartment of the south…

The heraldic badge of Edward V, the king of England in 1483.

Badge of Edward V

The heraldic badge of Edward V, the king of England in 1483.

The heraldic badge of Arthur Tudor, the son of King Henry VII of England.

Badge of Arthur Tudor

The heraldic badge of Arthur Tudor, the son of King Henry VII of England.

"De Bohun badge. From the central spandrel of the Canopy of the Brass to Alianore de Bohun, Duchess of Gloucester, A.D. 1399, in Westminster Abbey."—Aveling, 1891

De Bohun Badge

"De Bohun badge. From the central spandrel of the Canopy of the Brass to Alianore de Bohun, Duchess…

The rebus, or visual pun, of Bishop Oldham's badge.

Rebus of Bishop Oldham

The rebus, or visual pun, of Bishop Oldham's badge.

The heraldic badge of Abbot John de Wheathamstede. This badge has a rebus, or a visual pun representing his surname.

Badge of Abbot John de Wheathamstede

The heraldic badge of Abbot John de Wheathamstede. This badge has a rebus, or a visual pun representing…

The seal of the Bishop of Salisbury.

Bishop of Salisbury's Seal

The seal of the Bishop of Salisbury.

"The Star is the badge, first ordered by Charles I. The rays are of silver or diamonds. The star is worn on the left breast."—Aveling, 1891

Star of the Order of the Garter

"The Star is the badge, first ordered by Charles I. The rays are of silver or diamonds. The star is…

The heraldic seal of the Dauphin Louis in 1216.

Seal of the Dauphin Louis

The heraldic seal of the Dauphin Louis in 1216.

The heraldic seal of the archbishop of York, who worked under kings William II of England and Henry I of England.

Seal of Thurstan

The heraldic seal of the archbishop of York, who worked under kings William II of England and Henry…

The heraldic seal of Mauger le Vavassour.

Seal of Vavassour

The heraldic seal of Mauger le Vavassour.

The heraldic seal of Thomas Holland, KG, first Duke of Surrey.

Seal of Thomas Holland

The heraldic seal of Thomas Holland, KG, first Duke of Surrey.

"The Seal of Richard, Earl of Arundel, bears his achievement of arms. The supporters, crest, helm, etc., are as conspicuously drawn as the shield. The crest is large in proportion to the shield; it was usually thus represented in the compositions of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries."—Aveling, 1891

Seal of Richard, Earl of Arundel

"The Seal of Richard, Earl of Arundel, bears his achievement of arms. The supporters, crest, helm, etc.,…

The state banner of Virginia, the old dominion.

Virginia

The state banner of Virginia, the old dominion.

The state banner of West Virginia, the panhandle state.

West Virginia

The state banner of West Virginia, the panhandle state.

"Foot of the seal, which opens and closes in the act of natation, the organ being folded upon itself during the non-effective or return stroke, and expanded during the effective or forward stroke. Due advantage is taken of this arrangement by the seal when swimming, the animal rotating on its long axis, so as to present the lower portion of the body and the feet obliquely to the water during the return stroke, and the flat, or the greatest available surface of both, during the effective or forward stroke."—Pettigrew, 1874

Foot of Seal

"Foot of the seal, which opens and closes in the act of natation, the organ being folded upon itself…

"The seal, adapted principally for water. The extremities are larger than in the porpoise and manatee."—Pettigrew, 1874

The Seal

"The seal, adapted principally for water. The extremities are larger than in the porpoise and manatee."—Pettigrew,…

"The turtle, adapted for swimming and diving, the extremities being relatively larger than in the seal, sea-bear, and walrus. The anterior extremities have a thick anterior margin and a thin posterior one, and in this respect resemble wings."—Pettigrew, 1874

The Turtle

"The turtle, adapted for swimming and diving, the extremities being relatively larger than in the seal,…

Also known as Pinus virginiana.

Virginia Pine, Pine Cone

Also known as Pinus virginiana.

Also known as Pinus torreyana. The Torrey Pine is the rarest pine species in the United States, and is generally found on the West Coast.

Torrey Pine Cone

Also known as Pinus torreyana. The Torrey Pine is the rarest pine species in the United States, and…

Also known as Tsuga heterophylla. A species of hemlock native to the west coast of North America.

Pine Cone of Western Hemlock

Also known as Tsuga heterophylla. A species of hemlock native to the west coast of North America.

Also known as Tsuga mertensiana. A species of hemlock native to the west coast of North America, between Alaska and Caiifornia.

Pine Cone of Mountain Hemlock

Also known as Tsuga mertensiana. A species of hemlock native to the west coast of North America, between…

Also known as Chamaecyparis nootkatensis. Native to the west coast of North America, ranging from Alaska to California.

Branch of Nootka Cypress

Also known as Chamaecyparis nootkatensis. Native to the west coast of North America, ranging from Alaska…

Also known as Juniperus monosperma. A species of Juniper native to western North America.

Branch of One-Seed Juniper

Also known as Juniperus monosperma. A species of Juniper native to western North America.

Also known as Yucca schidigera. A flowering plant that is native to the Mojave Desert in the Western United States.

Branch of Spanish Bayonet

Also known as Yucca schidigera. A flowering plant that is native to the Mojave Desert in the Western…

Also known as Salix hookeriana. The branch of a Hooker's Willow tree, native to the west coast of North America.

Branch of Hooker's Willow

Also known as Salix hookeriana. The branch of a Hooker's Willow tree, native to the west coast of North…

The acrostichum peltatum fern has long fronds that are slender and creeping. This fern needs a liberal supply of water and grows well in the West Indies.

Acrostichum Peltatum Fern

The acrostichum peltatum fern has long fronds that are slender and creeping. This fern needs a liberal…

Apricot trees can be trained at gable ends of cottages. The apricot tree prefers walls facing south-west or west but can be grown in warm areas facing north.

Training for Apricot Trees at Gable Ends of Cottages

Apricot trees can be trained at gable ends of cottages. The apricot tree prefers walls facing south-west…

The common name of canna indica is Indian Reed. The plant grows between three and six feet tall. This plant is native to the West Indies.

Habit of Canna Indica

The common name of canna indica is Indian Reed. The plant grows between three and six feet tall. This…

Pictured is a mountain orchard in Virginia.

Virginia Mountain Orchard

Pictured is a mountain orchard in Virginia.

Cirsium muticum is a purple flowered thistle. It is found in low grounds from Newfoundland to West Virginia.

Cirsium Muticum

Cirsium muticum is a purple flowered thistle. It is found in low grounds from Newfoundland to West Virginia.

Clerodendron thomsonae is a tall, twining, evergreen shrub. The flowers are white and light crimson. The shrub is native to west Africa.

Clerodendron Thomsonae

Clerodendron thomsonae is a tall, twining, evergreen shrub. The flowers are white and light crimson.…

The common names of cucumis anguria are bur cucumber, west Indian gherkin, and gooseberry gourd. The stems are slender and the leaves are deeply cut. The fruit is cucumber like, but more spiny.

Cucumis Anguria

The common names of cucumis anguria are bur cucumber, west Indian gherkin, and gooseberry gourd. The…

Illustrated is the bur cucumber, also known as west Indian gherkin and gooseberry gourd. It is most spiny the regular cucumbers. It is one to three inches long.

Bur Cucumber

Illustrated is the bur cucumber, also known as west Indian gherkin and gooseberry gourd. It is most…

Foxglove is the common name of digitalis purpurea. It is native from Great Britain, west and central Europe, to Scandinavia. The flowers are purple and spotted.

Digitalis Purpurea

Foxglove is the common name of digitalis purpurea. It is native from Great Britain, west and central…

Elaphoglossum villosum is native to Mexico and the west Indies. The sterile blades are six to nine inches long. The fertile leaves have abundant slender, dark brown scales.

Elaphoglossum Villosum

Elaphoglossum villosum is native to Mexico and the west Indies. The sterile blades are six to nine inches…

Eragrostis suaveolens grows one to two feet tall. It is native to west Asia.

Eragrostis Suaveolens

Eragrostis suaveolens grows one to two feet tall. It is native to west Asia.

Illustrated is a euphorbia neriifolia hedge in the west Indies. The plant blooms in June and July.

Euphorbia Neriifolia

Illustrated is a euphorbia neriifolia hedge in the west Indies. The plant blooms in June and July.

Leucothoe recurva is native from Virginia to Alabama. The flowers bloom April to June. The foliage has a scarlet color in the fall.

Leucothoe Recurva

Leucothoe recurva is native from Virginia to Alabama. The flowers bloom April to June. The foliage has…

Liatris spicata montana grows ten to twenty inches high. The flowers are blue purple. It is native to Virginia and North Carolina in the mountains.

Liatris Spicata Montana

Liatris spicata montana grows ten to twenty inches high. The flowers are blue purple. It is native to…

Illustrated is a cross section of a greenhouse used for growing cucumbers. It is an east and west house, about 36 x 200 feet. The light is superior in this type of greenhouse.

Greenhouse for Cucumber

Illustrated is a cross section of a greenhouse used for growing cucumbers. It is an east and west house,…

The common name of ligustrum vulgare is common privet or prim. The shrub grows to fifteen feet. The flowers bloom in June and July. It is native to Europe, North Africa, and west Asia.

Ligustrum Vulgare

The common name of ligustrum vulgare is common privet or prim. The shrub grows to fifteen feet. The…

Lilium grayi is native to North Carolina and Virginia. The flowers usually hang more loosely than how they are pictured. The flowers bloom in June and July.

Lilium Grayi

Lilium grayi is native to North Carolina and Virginia. The flowers usually hang more loosely than how…

Puccoon is the common name of lithospermum canescens. It is also known as redroot and Indian paint. The flowers are orange. The plant is native from Ontario to Alabama and west to Arizona.

Puccoon

Puccoon is the common name of lithospermum canescens. It is also known as redroot and Indian paint.…

Lobelia tenuior is native to west Australia. The flowers are rather large and bright blue. The flowers are borne rather far apart.

Lobelia Tenuior

Lobelia tenuior is native to west Australia. The flowers are rather large and bright blue. The flowers…

The lonicera xylosteum shrub grows ten feet tall. It is native to Europe and west and north Asia. The flowers are yellowish white, often slightly tinged with red. The flowers bloom in May and June.

Lonicera Xylosteum

The lonicera xylosteum shrub grows ten feet tall. It is native to Europe and west and north Asia. The…

Lonicera caprifolium is native from central Europe to west Asia. The flowers are yellowish white, often with a slightly purplish outside. The flowers bloom in May and June.

Lonicera Caprifolium

Lonicera caprifolium is native from central Europe to west Asia. The flowers are yellowish white, often…

Pictured are men plowing a sowing. This illustration is from a Babylonian seal impression from the 14th century, BCE.

Babylonian Seal Impression

Pictured are men plowing a sowing. This illustration is from a Babylonian seal impression from the 14th…

The common name of <i>nemopanthus</i> is mountain holly. The mucronata variety is native from Canada to Wisconsin, Indiana and Virginia. The shrub grows ten feet tall. The shrub blooms in May and June.

Nemopanthus Mucronata

The common name of nemopanthus is mountain holly. The mucronata variety is native from Canada to Wisconsin,…

Ginger is the dried rhizome of the tropical plant Zingiber officinale. It is used in cookery, because of its aromatic volatile oil, and as a confection, either in syrup or 'crystallized' with sugar. In medicine, it is usually employed as a carminative, usually in the form of the tincture. It is grown principally in the East Indies (its original home), the West Indies, and tropical Africa.

Ginger

Ginger is the dried rhizome of the tropical plant Zingiber officinale. It is used in cookery, because…

Guava (<i>Psidium guayava</i>) is a low-growing West Indian tree belonging to the family Myrtaceæ. It bears white flowers, followed by fragrant, yellow, fleshy fruits, extensively employed in the making of preserves and jellies. The guava also grows in the East Indies; and there is a Chinese variety, <i>P. cattleianum</i>, the strawberry guava.

Guava

Guava (Psidium guayava) is a low-growing West Indian tree belonging to the family Myrtaceæ. It bears…